Aids - 757 Words

AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). The illness alters the immune system, making people much more vulnerable to infections and diseases. This susceptibility worsens as the disease progresses. HIV is found in the body fluids of an infected person (semen and vaginal fluids, blood and breast milk). The virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivering the baby during childbirth, and through breast feeding. HIV can be transmitted in many ways, such as vaginal, oral sex, anal sex, blood†¦show more content†¦The following information will help you protect yourself against HIV and AIDS. AIDS Information Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS, which is the term used to describe the later, potentially more serious, stages of HIV infection. HIV damages the immune system and destroys the body s CD4 T lymphocytes (T cells), one of many types of white blood cells the body uses to fight disease. T cells help the immune system identify foreign organisms that should be attacked. Thus, when the T cells are destroyed, it s like being defended by a leaderless army that is easily defeated. A person can be infected with HIV for ten years or even longer without showing any symptoms. However, in most cases, during that time the virus is attacking the immune system and destroying T cells. By the time HIV damages enough cells to bring on full-blown AIDS, many of the typical symptoms can be present: weight loss, sporadic fevers, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, and opportunistic infections such as certain types of pneumonia. Rare cancers and infections of the kidneys, digestive system, and brain can also develop. HIV is passed from person to person by direct contact with blood or other body fluids through activities like unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sexual contact with an infected person or through sharing syringes or needlesShow MoreRelatedHiv / Aids And Aids1356 Words   |  6 PagesJust about two decades ago, HIV/AIDS pandemic was the only thing that is mentioned in social media (Gus â€Å"Introduction to HIV/AIDS†). Proved to be originally from Sub Saharan Africa (S.S Africa) region, HIV/AIDS has spread throughout not only the S.S. Africa, but it eventually becomes the global disaster in the late 20th century (Gus). HIV/AIDS has gained attention from the media when the death many patients by the new emerging disease is reported in Europe and US (Satpathy 27). However, these casesRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids Essay791 Words   |  4 Pages 1.INTRODUCTION There is a global trend that HIV/AIDS has prevailed the globe. According to the UNAIDS, at the end of the year 2015 there were approximately 36.7 million people around the world infected with HIV/AIDS including the estimated 2.1 million individuals worldwide who were newly infected in that year. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that a limit of 54% of HIV/AIDS individuals know that they’re infected. It also indicates that two thirds of the reported caseRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Aids And Aids1130 Words   |  5 PagesAIDS AIDS, also known as (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is definitely one of the most deadliest disease that has hit the Earth in all of human existence. With all the medicine that can help a person with this disease they still haven’t cured it. The ways that the AIDS cells can reproduce different kinds of AIDS cells, and plus the ways that a person can get the disease. These reasons are why AIDS are so far incurable for humanity. AIDS is a medical condition that a person has when their immuneRead MoreAids, Hiv, And Aids1726 Words   |  7 PagesAIDS and HIV in Africa Picture this: a young child who is very skinny, ribs and all other bones are showing through the skin, they are born with HIV. it then leads to AIDS, due to their parents. HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If HIV is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is an acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In Nigeria, Africa millions of people have the disease of AIDS and HIV. There is not many treatment options or solutions for this serious issue that takes place all over theRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids948 Words   |  4 Pagesliving with HIV/AIDS. In Swaziland, 42 per cent of women attending antenatal clinics are infected, with similar rates found elsewhere in the region. Many children are affected by the disease in a number of ways: they live with sick parents and relatives in households drained of resources due to the epidemic, and those who have lost parents are less likely to go to school or continue with their education.Studies in the regions of Southern Africa and South-East A sia have found HIV/AIDS to negativelyRead MoreAids : The Problem Of Aids1250 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough advancements in AIDS research have continued over the past 2 decades, the misconception that people can contract the AIDS virus from sharing a drink is still prevalent. Aids is a major issue throughout the world and kills many people. One of the problems with aids is that it can kill people. A current solution for aids is there are medicines that people suffering from aids take and these medicines increase a person with aids life span. A future plan for aids is to find a cure so that peopleRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1147 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS During the 1980’s, a very devastating infectious disease broke out in America, which is now known as the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Aids have been one of the most damaging and destructive diseases in history. The only reason behind the spread of the deadly disease- AIDS is lack of knowledge which has resulted in growing number everyday. â€Å"UNAIDS estimates that as of December 2000, there were an estimated 36.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS (34.7 million adults and 1.4Read MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1600 Words   |  7 Pagescontinue its battle with HIV, this leads to what is commonly known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV/AIDS is a common and devastating concern in many households, and has been a longstanding health issue affecting sub Saharan Africa. However, it should also be noted that countries around the world are all at risk of HIV/AIDS infection through the migration of people to their region. HIV/AIDS is a much more prominent health co ncern characterizing sub Saharan Africa because of the treatment of womenRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1474 Words   |  6 PagesEach individual’s experience with the contraction of HIV/AIDS varies in terms of being personal or family related. HIV/AIDS has been a longstanding health issue affecting sub Saharan Africa. However, countries around the world are all susceptible to having a heightened risk of HIV/AIDS infections spread to their regions through the migration of people. HIV/AIDS is a health concern characterizing sub Saharan Africa because of the treatment of women in society, extreme poverty resulting in the lackRead MoreHiv And Aids : Aids1606 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Hello, today we are discussing HIV and AIDS. This disease is known as a severe decline in one’s immune system resulting in a decreased ability to resist infection and malignancy. A lot of people ask what the difference between HIV and AIDS is. HIV is the virus that causes the disease AIDS. With this being said, I will now discuss some objectives that that will be covered throughout this lecture that I hope will help guide you as well as help you have a better understanding of the progression

The Swimmer By John Cheever - 1528 Words

Shep Davis Mrs. Smith English 102 27 April, 2016 The Swimmer In the short story â€Å"The Swimmer† John Cheever characterizes Neddy in a selfish and content manner to illustrate his detachment from society. The swim that Neddy starts in the beginning of the play seems fun and innocent in nature. He enjoys stopping at all of his friends and families house drinking every time after he finishes swimming the pool. The drinking depicts his easy lifestyle, lack of care for the world, and his detachment from society. The repetition of drinking eventually is what brings him to his â€Å"cold† and â€Å"bewildered† reality because he has suppressed everyone around him by only wanting to swim. At the end of the story he is left with no friends to talk with or family to care for him because he has been self-centered. He also is unaware of what has transpired while he was swimming. This displays his mindsets lack of care for others he just wants to drink and have a good time. However as he progresses he goes further into h is loop of the pools, and he desires to swim in more and more. This loop symbolizes his life, and how he is not progressing or doing anything important with it. He wants to just go around in circles hiding from reality. The irony is he is left poor and all of his friends leave him. His entire image of life, and how he wanted to live was based on himself and money. After the money disappeared so did his companions because he was living a life that did not value relationship or care.Show MoreRelatedThe Swimmer, by John Cheever1513 Words   |  7 Pagessomething within us which is always surprised by change. In The Swimmer, the world around Ned Merrill, the main character, transforms constantly as time goes by, causing Neds physical, mental, and social state to decline. However, although Ned Merrill experiences the inevitable - growing older - he does not fully grasp reality and the idea that time moves on, even if one is not ready. The Swimmer is a short story written by John Cheever , a writer who used his own experiences as inspiration for hisRead MoreThe Swimmer By John Cheever1424 Words   |  6 Pages In his story, The Swimmer, John Cheever does a clever job engaging the reader in understanding the complexity and change in Ned Merrill’s life circumstances through his travels to various pools. It is implied that Ned was once successful and had everything. He had a wife, named Lucinda, and children. He had a beautiful home and a circle of friends. It seemed like he had it all. However, his travel through pools and time, show the reader that Ned’s life is not all that it seems. At the time thatRead MoreThe Swimmer By John Cheever1584 Words   |  7 Pages The author of â€Å"The Swimmer†, John Cheever, was born in 1912 in Quincy, Massachusetts. During the downfall of his life, Cheever had a twenty-year battle with alcoholism. Then after, he went to rehab for alcoholism in 1975. This experience then led him to write about his issues with alcohol in the short stories, â€Å"The Swimmer† and the â€Å"Falconer.† Over his lifetime, Cheever has obtained several awards including the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. Even though Cheever got kicked out of hisRead MoreAn Analysis of the Swimmer by John Cheever1694 Words   |  7 PagesApril 2014 An Analysis of The Swimmer by John Cheever Most stories can have an emotional impact on people, but once in a while certain stories can take the reader to the edge of reality. The Swimmer is a fascinating story with primary use of a setting and amazing characters that engages readers and can move them to experience life in an unfathomable way. Cheever was born May 27, 1912, in Quincy, Massachusetts, to Frederick Lincoln Cheever and Mary Liley Cheever. His father owned a shoe factoryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Swimmer By John Cheever1143 Words   |  5 Pages The Swimmer by John Cheever tells the story of a man journeying to retain his youth but in the end, loses more than he realises. Ironically enough, this is similar to what the protagonist in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, (written by Joyce Carol Oates) experiences. Both characters have an established goal yet never quite reach it. Imagery and symbolism are used to adeptly express this throughout each piece which creates an unsettling mood following the resolution . Imagery to infer theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Swimmer By John Cheever1925 Words   |  8 PagesBook Award in 1958 for his debut novel The Wapshot Chronicle, John Cheever was highly acclaimed as a novelist, but he may be best remembered for his array of short stories. In the words of the acclaimed novelist Philip Roth, Cheever was an â€Å"enchanted realist† who had â€Å"as rich and distinctive [voice] as any of the leading voices of postwar American literature.† This ‘voice’ was in full display Cheever’s stories, especially in â€Å"The Swimmer,† which is about a man named Neddy Merrill who embarks on a ‘voyage’Read MoreEssay on John Cheever the Swimmer1951 Words   |  8 PagesHierarchy in Cheever’s â€Å"The Swimmer† John Cheever’s short story, â€Å"The Swimmer,† describes the epic journey of Neddy Merrill as he attempts to swim his way back home. Throughout the story, readers continually question reality and fantasy while wondering whether Merrill is really experiencing what Cheever portrays or if he is simply stuck in the past. Merrill goes from house to house as he freestyles across each swimming pool along the way. As the story draws to the end, Cheever points out that Merrill’sRead MoreAn Analysis Of John Cheever s The Swimmer 1385 Words   |  6 Pages Snigdha Sama Mrs. Hurtado English I H 9 March 2016 A Tale of Riches to Rags in â€Å"The Swimmer† The character and intelligence of a person is truly shown when he or she is forced to face reality. This is clearly established in â€Å"The Swimmer†, a story about a man thrown off his high horse. The story starts with Neddy Merrill and his group of wealthy socialites conversing at the Westerhazys’ house. Flashing back to his Olympic days, Neddy decides to swim through bodies of water to reach hisRead MoreThe Passage of Time and Life in The Swimmer, by John Cheever2346 Words   |  10 Pagesstories and novels, author, John Cheever, has showcased his incredible writing abilities multiple times throughout his career. Even as a child, Cheever outwardly expressed his desire to write. As proven by his longstanding career, Cheever’s thirst for writing remained with him throughout his entire life. In perhaps his most famous piece of work, â€Å"The Swimmer,† Cheever’s impeccable writing ability is showcased brilliantly. Although originally set out to be a novel, â€Å"The Swimmer† has grown to become a widelyRead MoreLosing Time in Life: The Swimmer by John Cheever1203 Words   |  5 Pages Founding Father Benjamin Franklin, once declared â€Å"Lost time is never found again.† This quote ties to the meaning of how people frequently let time seep through their hands. John Cheever’s The Swimmer portrays this through the eyes of suburban man Neddy. Neddy is the average ‘Joe’ of most suburban households. Life in suburbia is repetitive in most scenarios, and humans can easily get lost in the monotonous adventure known aslife. Time leaks away from his figure, and he is not sure of he is the

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 8 Free Essays

Nick screamed Cassie’s name. He was bent over her, trying to get her to breathe, but Cassie could feel herself losing consciousness with each second that passed. The yellow gymnasium light, their comatose classmates, and even Scarlett’s wicked voice had blended into a soft, shadowy haze. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then Nick stood up and raised his arms with outstretched hands. No! Cassie tried to cry out – the worst thing Nick could do right now was perform magic out in the open – but no sound escaped her gaping mouth. Nick centered his energy, closed his eyes, and made his voice deep: I call on the Power of Air, the element from the East, I call you from the atmosphere to Cassie’s lungs. He repeated the spell three times, louder each moment, but Cassie continued to fade out of consciousness. The whole world diffused; sound ceased. There was nothing. And then all at once she gasped like a drowned woman resuscitated, reclaiming her life with one greedy breath after another. Her vision sharpened with each inhalation, and she climbed to her feet just as Nick raised his hands to call out another spell – this time not at Cassie, but up at the ceiling: Motion of heart, current of soul, spark to my hands, at the speed of light. His face took on a lustrous glow and electricity seemed to pass through him, up from his feet and out of his fingertips. The overhead bulbs flashed and then burst, raining down spectacular long-tailed sparks like fireworks. Then the gym went black as night. â€Å"Run,† Nick said, grabbing Cassie’s hand. Their stupefied classmates panicked in the sudden darkness. Cassie could no longer see them, but she could hear them grunting and groaning. Their elbows and knees knocked against the gym floor as they tumbled over one another in a massive stampede. Cassie and Nick raced through the maze of bodies, heading for the emergency exit, without once looking back to see what had become of Scarlett. They stormed through the fire door out to the side parking lot, where they ran straight into the rest of the Circle. â€Å"Are you all right?† Diana asked in alarm. â€Å"What just happened in the gym?† Nick and Cassie hurriedly explained the situation and Diana’s mouth dropped open. â€Å"Scarlett’s here?† Both Henderson brothers bolted back to the gym to find her. Cassie screamed for them not to, but they were already gone. â€Å"Someone has to stop them,† she cried out. â€Å"They’ll get themselves killed.† â€Å"I’ll go,† Deborah said, taking off in the same direction as the Hendersons. Suzan followed just behind her. Diana searched Cassie for any sign of an injury. â€Å"Are you sure you’re okay? You aren’t hurt?† Cassie nodded. â€Å"I’m fine. I think we got out just in time. Where’s Adam?† â€Å"Right here.† Adam walked up to the group, looking pale. His hands were trembling slightly and they were empty of Mr. Boylan’s relic. â€Å"Cassie,† he said. â€Å"Have you been out here long?† â€Å"I’m okay,† Cassie said to reassure him. Adam appeared more shaken than she was. His breathing was heavy and his forehead was soaked with sweat. He scanned the surrounding area with apprehension. â€Å"Scarlett’s nowhere to be found,† Chris called out as he and Doug exited the gym to rejoin the group. Deborah and Suzan were alongside him. â€Å"The lights are still out, but everyone in the gym is back to normal,† Doug said. â€Å"Which is too bad, really. I kind of liked the idea of them all being zombified.† Cassie looked at Nick, happy he was okay. He was so quick to react, and he’d saved her life, but she never intended for him to be in danger like that. Especially with Mr. Boylan and Max around. Nick returned her gaze. He seemed to understand exactly what she was thinking and he smiled reassuringly for her. It was just then that Cassie saw something glisten on the sleeve of his leather jacket. It was dim at first, but once she noticed it, it appeared to shine more clearly. It was the hunter symbol. â€Å"Nick,† she said, but that was the only word she could get out. He registered Cassie’s expression and then watched everyone else’s face fall into the same shock. â€Å"What?† he asked. â€Å"Why do you all look like you’ve seen a ghost?† â€Å"Your sleeve,† Diana said. â€Å"You’ve been marked.† Cassie went to him, but Nick shook her off. He searched his jacket and located the mark. He concentrated hard on it, squinting as if trying to understand it, but had no other reaction. â€Å"So I have,† he said, in a voice as still and cold as stone. Adam barely said a word the whole car ride home to Cassie’s. Cassie didn’t take it personally; she didn’t feel much like making conversation either. What was there to say after an evening like this? But when Adam parked in front of her house, he cut the engine and turned to her like he had something to get off his chest. â€Å"Are you sure you don’t want me to stay on your couch for the night?† he asked. â€Å"Scarlett might still be coming after you.† There was a chill in the air that made Cassie shiver. â€Å"Thank you,† she said. â€Å"But I’ll be okay. Faye and Laurel are there, and Faye wouldn’t miss the chance to act on some of her anger if Scarlett showed up.† â€Å"That’s true, I guess.† Adam tapped his fingers on the steering wheel. Cassie was wearing his suit jacket draped over her shoulders to keep warm. She went to take it off and give it back to him, but he stopped her. â€Å"Keep it on a little longer,† he said. He made no motion to restart the car’s engine. Something else was obviously on his mind. Cassie feared she knew what it was. Adam was concerned that Nick being marked would mean he’d have to start spending the night in Cassie’s basement. The two of them would be sleeping under the same roof. She decided to help him along. â€Å"Adam,† she said. â€Å"About Nick staying here †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Adam stared straight ahead. â€Å"It’s not that,† he said. â€Å"Can I ask you one more time what happened when the lights went out in the school?† â€Å"I told you,† Cassie said. â€Å"Nothing happened with Nick while you were gone that you need to worry about.† â€Å"I just need to hear it again.† Cassie had already given Adam a detailed account of her and Nick’s every move from the moment they spotted Scarlett to their escape. But she repeated the story anyway. â€Å"It’s just so strange,† he said, unable to look at her. â€Å"Adam, what are you freaking out about? I know if you had been there when Scarlett showed up, you would have protected me, just like Nick did. I don’t doubt that for a second.† Finally Adam turned to Cassie, allowing her to see his tearful eyes. â€Å"I felt something,† he said. â€Å"An arm brushed up against mine in the chaos.† â€Å"What?† Cassie was confused. â€Å"When the lights went out. I had just come out of Boylan’s office and everyone started running. I was making my way toward the gym when someone grabbed my hand, and it felt like †¦ I don’t even know.† Adam could barely continue, and Cassie began to understand just how upset he was. â€Å"It’s okay,† she said, trying to coax the full truth out of him. â€Å"What did you feel?† â€Å"I thought it was you leading me to safety, but then we got separated. I could have sworn it was you. Because of the sparks I felt.† â€Å"But I was already out of the gym and in the parking lot by that point,† Cassie said. â€Å"It wasn’t me.† There was a moment of silence as it all sank in. â€Å"Oh,† Cassie said, finally comprehending what this meant. Neither of them wanted to say it out loud, but it was obvious. It was Scarlett who’d grabbed Adam’s hand. The sparks he felt were for her. â€Å"It’s you that I love, Cassie. I swear it.† Adam’s voice rose. â€Å"This doesn’t mean anything.† â€Å"It means the cord between you and Scarlett must be real after all,† Cassie said. â€Å"That’s the only explanation.† â€Å"I shouldn’t even have told you.† â€Å"Of course you should have told me!† â€Å"This doesn’t change anything.† Adam persisted. But the more he swore and pleaded, the more obvious it was to Cassie that he was just as shaken by this as she was, if not more. â€Å"My hand just got confused,† he said. â€Å"That’s all.† â€Å"Your hand got confused?† Cassie took an immediate breath to recalibrate her emotions. If she wasn’t careful, her hurt and anger would blow up right in Adam’s face. â€Å"You don’t have to feel guilty,† she said, trying to sound sympathetic. â€Å"It’s not your fault. It just is.† Adam got quiet then. â€Å"But I don’t want this.† Cassie reached over to give Adam a kiss good night. She needed to get out of his car as quickly as possible. â€Å"I know,† she said. â€Å"Don’t worry too much about it. We’ll be okay.† â€Å"That’s it? Don’t you think we should talk about this?† Adam asked. Cassie slipped Adam’s suit jacket from her shoulders. It smelled like him, like autumn leaves and ocean wind. She gently folded it and placed it on his lap. Then she put her hand on the door handle. â€Å"It’s going to be okay,† she said, knowing she had to appear strong for Adam in this moment. Adam could always be relied on to reassure Cassie. Now it was her turn. â€Å"Cassie, please don’t go.† â€Å"Let’s sleep on it,† she said, as sweetly as she could. And then borrowing a favorite phrase of her mother’s, she added, â€Å"Everything will look brighter tomorrow.† She got out of the car and almost made it to the front door before tears filled her eyes and began running down her face. But Adam couldn’t see them, and that was all that mattered. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 8, Essay examples

Tamara to Succeed In Suing Supermarkets †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Did Aldi Breach their Duty of Care by Failing to Meet the Standard of Care? Were Tamaras Injuries Caused by Aldis Actions and are not too Remote? Can Aldi Potentially Rely on the Defense of Contributory Negligence? Can Aldi Potentially Rely on the Defense of Voluntary Assumption of Risk? Will Tamara be able to Recover the Full Value of her Losses? Answers: Introducation Duty of care is the lawful duty of any individual, to act or conduct themselves in a manner that would not cause harm to another person. Negligence is a theory whereby a company or individual is held accountable for any accidents or injuries that could have been prevented. A claim of negligence involves substantial proof from the plaintiff whether the defendant indeed owes a duty of care legally (Murgatroyd et al 2016). According to the stated duty of care, Aldi supermarkets do not appear to perform the duty of care towards its customers. Due to the failure of regularly cleaning the floors, Tamara slips on a melted ice-cream puddle and breaks her back. If the cleaner at Aldi supermarket would have been keen to regularly clean the floors, Tamara would not fall on the melted ice cream puddle. 1.Breaching of duty is the situation whereby a defendant in a certain situation fails to act responsibly as compared to how a normal person would act if put in the similar situation (Pagura, 2015). In skipping turns of supervision and cleaning of the floors, Aldi does not meet the expected care standards expected from its customers. It is normally required that especially during a wet season, to inspect any floor spillages and wipe immediately. Tamara can also impose on the failure of standard care because she never gets to have the chocolate of her choice due to limited stock at Aldi supermarkets. As a result of running for the last bar of chocolate on the shelf, Tamara slips breaking her back. The supermarket attendants were never keen to notice the multiple disappointments that Tamara had to go through each time she missed her favorite chocolate. This would have enabled them to increase the stock on the chocolate due to its high demand. If the supermarket had provided enough stock on Tamaras favorite chocolate, she would not have to run for the chocolate. 2.Before a plaintiff sues for negligence, they should be able to prove that their injuries are as a result of the defendants negligence. It is also important to consider whether the event of the injury was foreseeable by the defendant or it just happened unexpectedly (Law, 2014). Although the cleaner at Aldi supermarket was negligent to clean the melted ice cream puddle, it was not foreseen that a customer would have to run across the aisle. However, it is Aldis duty to place warning signs of slippery floor within the aisles to prevent any unforeseen accidents. The injuries Tamara suffers are not a causative action of both Aldi supermarkets and her own. Both parties, in this case, are to be held responsible for their actions. If there was a caution sign present, Tamara would have carefully moved towards the shelf where the last chocolate bar was. Additionally, Tamara ought to know that running could cause one to fall unwillingly. 3.Contributory negligence is a part of a law which states that a plaintiffs injury is a contribution of their own negligence(Van Dongen, Verdam, 2016).The extent of the plaintiffs contributory negligence can end up ruling out the amount to be paid in order to cover for damages from the defendant(Schofield, 1890). Tamara exposes herself to the risk of slipping when she runs across the aisle. It is evident that her mind is so focused on the chocolate bar that she does not look down to see the melted ice cream. Based on the statement of contributory negligence from Tamaras action, it would be unfair to entirely put fault at Aldi supermarkets for Tamaras damages. 4.Can Aldi Potentially Rely on the Defense of Voluntary Assumption of Risk?4.Voluntary risk assumption refers to the defense action, taken by a defendant in proving that the involved plaintiff, knowingly and voluntarily assumes the risks bound to occur due to their activity (Bant Bryan, 2015). In most situations, the plaintiff in one way or another appears to relieve the defendant of their duty hence the impending harm. According to Tamaras situation, she would have informed the available supermarket attendant of her undying craving for the chocolate. Maybe the supermarket attendant would have helped to convince the other client to sacrifice and let Tamara have the chocolate instead. Moreover, the supermarket attendant would be able to notify Tamara on the right time to purchase the chocolate before many customers come to buy it. Instead, Tamara takes the matter in her hands and decides to run for the chocolate with the hope of getting to it first. Aldi supermarkets in this situation can defend itself with the fact that Tamara did not let them understand her headache in purchasing the chocolate bar. Perhaps they would have a better way of solving Tamaras problem and prevent her running, slipping and breaking of her back. 5.For a plaintiff to fully recover the value of losses incurred, they should be able to provide enough proof that the resultant harm is an entire fault of the defendant (Golanski, 2011). According to Tamaras situation, it is evident that the suffered losses and injuries not only result from Aldis negligence to put warning signs but also her own. She runs carelessly to reach for the chocolate not bearing the fact that she might accidentally fall and hurt herself. She is more concerned with her chocolate craving than her safety. Eventually, she ends up losing both the chocolate and further gets hurt. It is only fair that Aldi compensates half of the damages incurred on Tamara. This is because the area under which Tamara gets hurt is within their premise. Moreover, it is due to a melted ice cream that was not wiped by the cleaner responsible. References Abbas R. 2015Woman settles compensation claim for $60,000 after slipping in a Supermarkethttps://www.gerardmaloufpartners.com.au/Publication-1740-Woman-settles-compensation-claim-for--2460-2c000-after-slipping-in-a-Supermarket.aspx Bant, E., Bryan, M. (2015). Fact, Future and Fiction: Risk and Reasonable Reliance in Estoppel. Oxford Journal Of Legal Studies, 35(3), 427-452. Golanski, A. (2011). A New Look At Duty in Tort Law: Rehabilitating Foreseeability And Related Themes. Albany Law Review, 75(1), 227-278. Law, T. (2014). Case Note: O'Mara v Air Canada 2013 ONSC 2931. Travel Law Quarterly, 6(2), 127-131. Murgatroyd, D. F., Harris, I. A., Yvonne, T., Cameron, I. D., Tran, Y. (2016). The association between seeking financial compensation and injury recovery following motor vehicle related orthopaedic trauma. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 171-14. Pagura, I. (2015). Negligence: What you need to know. Journal Of The Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, 21(4), 254-256. Schofield, W. (1890). Davies v. Mann: Theory of Contributory Negligence. Harvard Law Review, 3(6), 263-277. Van Dongen, E. D., Verdam, H. P. (2016). The Development of the Concept of Contributory Negligence in English Common Law. Utrecht Law Review, 12(1), 61-74.